What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers in glaucoma treatment?

Beta-blockers are primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma due to their ability to decrease aqueous humor production in the eye. By blocking beta-adrenergic receptors on the ciliary body, which is responsible for producing aqueous humor, these medications reduce the overall fluid production within the eye. This decrease in aqueous humor can help to lower intraocular pressure, which is crucial in managing glaucoma and preventing damage to the optic nerve.

The reduction in aqueous humor production is particularly important in glaucoma treatment, as elevated intraocular pressure is a key factor in the disease's progression. Therefore, beta-blockers play an essential role in the pharmacological management of glaucoma by targeting the underlying mechanism that contributes to increased pressure within the eye.

Other options present different mechanisms that don't align with the established action of beta-blockers. For instance, increasing aqueous humor production would exacerbate intraocular pressure rather than relieve it. Similarly, enhancing drainage of aqueous humor or causing pupil constriction is not a function associated with beta-blockers; other medications may serve these purposes. However, the primary therapeutic action of beta-blockers remains the reduction of aqueous humor production.