What are the primary functions of the retina?

The primary functions of the retina involve light detection, color perception, and transmitting signals to the brain, which is critical for visual processing. The retina contains specialized photoreceptor cells, known as rods and cones, that are responsible for detecting light and converting it into neural signals. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions and do not detect color, while cones are responsible for color vision and function best in bright light. After these photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals, the retina transmits this visual information through the optic nerve to the brain for further processing, leading to the perception of images.

In contrast, other choices describe functions associated with different parts of the eye or systems unrelated to the retina. For instance, regulating pupil size and controlling light entry is primarily the function of the iris and pupil mechanism, while facilitating eye movement and coordination pertains to the extraocular muscles and their control. Producing tears is a function of the lacrimal glands, which help to keep the eye surface moist and protected but do not relate to the functions of the retina.